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- Document type:
- Journal Article
- Author(s):
- Brockow, K
- Title:
- Immediate and delayed cutaneous reactions to radiocontrast media.
- Abstract:
- Hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media (CM) are frequent causes of anaphylaxis and drug exanthemas. Adverse events after CM exposure are classified into immediate (<=1 h) and non-immediate reactions (>1 h), with differing mechanisms. In the majority of patients with immediate reactions, IgE-mediated allergy cannot be demonstrated, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. However, recent data have provided evidence for skin test positivity and/or specific IgE in some patients. T cell-mediated hypersensitivity is the responsible mechanism for the majority of non-immediate skin eruptions. These insights have consequences for diagnosis and prevention. Skin testing evolves to be a useful tool for diagnosis of CM allergy. Skin tests have been employed to confirm this hypersensitivity. Previous reactors have an increased risk to develop new reactions upon repeated exposure; however, other risk factors are poorly defined. The use of skin tests for the selection of a 'safe' CM is under investigation with promising results. In vitro tests to search for CM-specific cell activation include flow cytometric approaches, lymphocyte cultures and construction of cell lines and hybridomas. Premedication of previous reactors is common practice among radiologists; however, breakthrough reactions are a concern, and physicians should not rely on the efficacy of pharmacological premedication.
- Journal title abbreviation:
- Chem Immunol Allergy
- Year:
- 2012
- Journal volume:
- 97
- Pages contribution:
- 180-90
- Language:
- eng
- Fulltext / DOI:
- doi:10.1159/000335631
- Pubmed ID:
- http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613862
- Print-ISSN:
- 1660-2242
- TUM Institution:
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie
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