This paper explores Management Cybernetics as a system-oriented approach for its applicability in management systems. In particular, the Viable System Model (VSM) is identified as a rich provider of guidelines for improving efficacy and efficiency in management systems. Therefore, a methodology for the application of the VSM into any kind of system is illustrated, combining the VSM with empirical research methods. Here, interview and questionnaire techniques are used to analyze the as-is situation, identify potentials and derive measures for achieving improvements in management systems. The paper concludes that the VSM is a powerful tool for improving management systems in general, and the approach proposed in this paper can support managers in identifying and analyzing the relevant management sub-systems in their organizations.     «

This paper explores Management Cybernetics as a system-oriented approach for its applicability in management systems. In particular, the Viable System Model (VSM) is identified as a rich provider of guidelines for improving efficacy and efficiency in management systems. Therefore, a methodology for the application of the VSM into any kind of system is illustrated, combining the VSM with empirical research methods. Here, interview and questionnaire techniques are used to analyze the as-is situati...     »