Carrier phase measurements are extremely accurate but ambiguous. The estimation of the integer ambiguities is in general split in two parts: A least-squares float solution, which is obtained by disregarding the integer property, and the actual fixing. The latter one can be a simple rounding, a sequential fixing (bootstrapping), or an integer least-squares estimation, which typically includes an integer decorrelation and a search. All these fixing methods suffer from a poor accuracy of the float solution due to the small carrier wavelengths. Moreover, the optimal integer least-squares estimation techniques are extremely sensitive to unknown biases.     «

Carrier phase measurements are extremely accurate but ambiguous. The estimation of the integer ambiguities is in general split in two parts: A least-squares float solution, which is obtained by disregarding the integer property, and the actual fixing. The latter one can be a simple rounding, a sequential fixing (bootstrapping), or an integer least-squares estimation, which typically includes an integer decorrelation and a search. All these fixing methods suffer from a poor accuracy of the float...     »